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 Evolution of Computers 

 Secondary Storage Devices  The primary storage of today’s computer systems has the following limitations: 1. Limited capacity: It is often necessary to store many millions, sometimes billions, and even trillions, of bytes of data in a computer. Unfortunately, the primary storage capacity of today’s computers is insufficient to store the large volume of data handled by most data processing centres. 2. Volatile: Primary storage is volatile and loses data stored in it in case of power off or interruption of power. However, computer systems must keep data permanently for several days, months, or even years. Almost all computers use additional memory called Auxiliary memory or Secondary storage to overcome these limitations of primary storage.  Secondary storage is non-volatile and has a lower cost per bit but generally operates at speeds far slower than that of primary storage . Computer systems use it primarily to permanently store a large volume of data, which they...

 Difference between RISC and CISC Processors 

 Characteristics of a Good Programming Language  As we know, there are some popular high-level languages, while others could not become so popular despite being very powerful. For the success of a language in any field, there might be many reasons. But one apparent reason is its characteristics.

 Algorithm and Flowchart  What is an algorithm: The actual planning of a program involves defining its logic (the correct sequence of instructions needed to solve the corresponding problem). The term algorithm directs the logic of a program . It is a step-by-step explanation of how to solve a given problem . A sequence of instructions gives the desired results when executed in the specified sequence. To authorize as an algorithm, a sequence of instructions must possess the following features: - 1. Each instruction should be precise and clear. 2. Each instruction should be executed in a finite time. 3. No instructions should repeat infinitely. It ensures that the algorithm terminates ultimately. 4. After executing the instructions (when the algorithm terminates), the desired results are obtained. Question. Fifty students in a class appeared in their final examination. Write an algorithm- to calculate and print the total number of students who passed in the FIRST division if ...

 Pseudocode  What is Pseudocode: Pseudocode is another program-planning tool used for planning program logic. "Pseudo" means imitation or false , and "Code" refers to the instructions written in a programming language.

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What is a Programming language? Describe Machine language, Assembly language, and High-level language with its merits and demerits.

What is a Printer? Discuss the different types of impact and Non-impact Printers. ❃What is a Printer: A printer is a vital hardware output device to produce hard copies and print any valuable document . A document can be of any type, such as a text, image, or combination. It accepts input commands by users to print documents.

 Block diagram of Computer System  👉A block diagram of a computer shows a structural view of a computer system . The block diagram provides you a quick overview of the basic working process of a computer from inputting the data to getting the desired result as output. The diagram below shows a block diagram of the computer system :- 

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  Number System in Computers   👉As we all know, every computer is designed to store information such as - numbers, letters, and other special characters in coded form. So, here comes the need to have a basic understanding of the Number System in Computers . So, there are two types of Number systems - positional and non-positional. At first, we will discuss what a non-positional number system is? Later on, we will talk about the positional number system in computers. Non-positional Number systems In a non-positional number system, each symbol represents the same value regardless of its position in the number . To find the value of a number, one has to count the number of symbols present in the number. It is  tough to perform arithmetic with such a number system. This system has symbols such as I for 1, II for 2, III for 3, IIII for 4, IIIII for 5, etc. Positional Number systems In a positional number system, there are only a few symbols called digits . These symbols repr...

Microprocessors | SparkEasy 👉A control unit of a microcomputer - built on a single Integrated circuit, capable of performing arithmetic and logical operation and helps computers to communicate with other devices connected to it, is known as Microprocessor . It contains ALU, Control Unit, and a Register Array. Here, Arithmetic Logic Unit - performs arithmetic and logical operations on the data, which is received from an input device or memory of a computer system. Similarly, Control Unit - controls the flow of data and instructions, and Register Array - contains registers identified by letters like B, C, D, E, H, L, and accumulator. The first commercially launched microprocessor/first-generation microprocessor - the Intel 4004 , was a 4-bit microprocessor . A 4-bit broad memory location is usually called a - nibble. The Intel 4004 microprocessor's instruction set contained only 45 instructions. It weighed much less than an ounce . Intel 4004 was slow compared to the 30-ton ENIAC...

 Central Processing Unit  👉CPU is the brain of a computer system . It performs all major calculations and comparisons and activates and controls the operations of other units of the computer system. To evaluate a computer’s capabilities quickly, it is important to know how CPUs are internally structured, how different CPUs differ from each other, and how to evaluate CPU speed. These and other related concepts are described below.